RabbitMQ安装和详解

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RabbitMQ介绍

RabbitMQ是实现AMQP（高级消息队列协议）的消息中间件的一种，最初起源于金融系统，用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息，在易用性、扩展性、高可用性等方面表现不俗。RabbitMQ主要是为了实现系统之间的双向解耦而实现的。当生产者大量产生数据时，消费者无法快速消费，那么需要一个中间层。保存这个数据。

AMQP，即Advanced Message Queuing Protocol，高级消息队列协议，是应用层协议的一个开放标准，为面向消息的中间件设计。消息中间件主要用于组件之间的解耦，消息的发送者无需知道消息使用者的存在，反之亦然。AMQP的主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由（包括点对点和发布/订阅）、可靠性、安全。

RabbitMQ是一个开源的AMQP实现，服务器端用Erlang语言编写，支持多种客户端，如：Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP等，支持AJAX。用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息，在易用性、扩展性、高可用性等方面表现不俗。

RabbitMQ Mac 安装

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➜  ~ brew install rabbitmq
Updating Homebrew...
==> Auto-updated Homebrew!
Updated 3 taps (homebrew/cask, homebrew/core, phinze/cask).
==> New Formulae
peru                                skopeo                              ucloud
==> Updated Formulae
git ✔                      cmdshelf                   imagemagick                phpunit
vim ✔                      double-conversion          imagemagick@6              pqiv
zsh ✔                      eslint                     kubernetes-cli             pulumi
activemq                   fauna-shell                kustomize                  rclone
afflib                     folly                      libimobiledevice           ripgrep
annie                      fonttools                  libphonenumber             swiftformat
ansible                    geoipupdate                libspectre                 terragrunt
apache-drill               ghostscript                lnav                       the_platinum_searcher
apktool                    glm                        logentries                 tor
at-spi2-atk                gnu-indent                 mariadb@10.1               upx
atk                        goreleaser                 mdcat                      vault
atomicparsley              grafana                    media-info                 watchexec
aws-okta                   grunt-cli                  mongodb@3.4                webpack
awscli                     gutenberg                  mps-youtube                wireguard-tools
bwfmetaedit                handbrake                  msgpack                    wskdeploy
chronograf                 harfbuzz                   nano                       xmount
cloc                       hlint                      node@8                     youtube-dl
cmake                      homebank                   pdfsandwich
==> Deleted Formulae
llvm@3.7

==> Installing dependencies for rabbitmq: jpeg, libpng, libtiff, wxmac, erlang
==> Installing rabbitmq dependency: jpeg
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/jpeg-9c.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring jpeg-9c.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/jpeg/9c: 21 files, 724.6KB
==> Installing rabbitmq dependency: libpng
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/libpng-1.6.35.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring libpng-1.6.35.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/libpng/1.6.35: 26 files, 1.2MB
==> Installing rabbitmq dependency: libtiff
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/libtiff-4.0.9_4.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring libtiff-4.0.9_4.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/libtiff/4.0.9_4: 246 files, 3.5MB
==> Installing rabbitmq dependency: wxmac
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/wxmac-3.0.4_1.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring wxmac-3.0.4_1.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/wxmac/3.0.4_1: 813 files, 23.8MB
==> Installing rabbitmq dependency: erlang
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/erlang-21.0.8.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring erlang-21.0.8.sierra.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
Man pages can be found in:
  /usr/local/opt/erlang/lib/erlang/man

Access them with `erl -man`, or add this directory to MANPATH.
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/erlang/21.0.8: 5,668 files, 271.7MB
==> Installing rabbitmq
==> Downloading https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/all/rabbitmq-server/3.7.7/rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.7
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> /usr/bin/unzip -qq -j /usr/local/Cellar/rabbitmq/3.7.7_1/plugins/rabbitmq_management-3.7.7.ez rabbitmq_m
==> Caveats
Management Plugin enabled by default at http://localhost:15672

Bash completion has been installed to:
  /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d

To have launchd start rabbitmq now and restart at login:
  brew services start rabbitmq
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  rabbitmq-server
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/rabbitmq/3.7.7_1: 233 files, 13.3MB, built in 1 minute 31 seconds
==> Caveats
==> erlang
Man pages can be found in:
  /usr/local/opt/erlang/lib/erlang/man

Access them with `erl -man`, or add this directory to MANPATH.
==> rabbitmq
Management Plugin enabled by default at http://localhost:15672

Bash completion has been installed to:
  /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d

To have launchd start rabbitmq now and restart at login:
  brew services start rabbitmq
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  rabbitmq-server
➜  ~

相关信息

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安装目录：
/usr/local/Cellar/rabbitmq/3.7.7_1

现在启动rabbitmq并在登录时重新启动:
brew services start rabbitmq
或者，如果你不想/需要后台服务，你可以运行:
rabbitmq-server

初始化账号密码，guest

启动

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➜  ~ cd /usr/local/Cellar/rabbitmq/3.7.7_1/
➜  3.7.7_1 sbin/rabbitmq-server

  ##  ##
  ##  ##      RabbitMQ 3.7.7. Copyright (C) 2007-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc.
  ##########  Licensed under the MPL.  See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
  ######  ##
  ##########  Logs: /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost.log
                    /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost_upgrade.log

              Starting broker...
 completed with 6 plugins.

Spring Boot 集成 RabbitMQ

配置Maven依赖
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<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
配置文件，配置 rabbitmq 的安装地址、端口及账户信息
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spring.application.name=spirng-boot-rabbitmq

spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.0.1
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=admin
spring.rabbitmq.password=123456
定义队列
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@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    @Bean
    public Queue Queue() {
        return new Queue("hello");
    }

}
发送者
AmqpTemplate 是 Spring Boot 提供的默认实现。
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public class HelloSender {

    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void send() {
        String context = "hello " + new Date();
        System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello", context);
    }

}
接收者

注意使用注解@RabbitListener，使用 queues 指明队列名称，@RabbitHandler为具体接收的方法。

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@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello")
public class HelloReceiver {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String hello) {
        System.out.println("Receiver  : " + hello);
    }

}
测试
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@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Spring BootTest
public class RabbitMqHelloTest {

    @Autowired
    private HelloSender helloSender;

    @Test
    public void hello() throws Exception {
        helloSender.send();
        Thread.sleep(1000l);
    }

}

注意，发送者和接收者的 queue name 必须一致，不然不能接收。

让测试方法等待 1 秒，让接收者接收到消息，不然应用退出时可能还没有接收到消息。以上一个最常用简单的示例就完成了。

以上参考：

springboot(八)：RabbitMQ详解